Power Sharing Test

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Power Sharing Test - 1

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SHARING IS CARING

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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The ethnic composition of Belgium is complex. Which of the following statements about Belgium is incorrect?

A
People in the Flemish region of Belgium speak Dutch.

B
People in the Wallonia region of Belgium speak German.

C
Brussels, the capital city of Belgium, has 20% Dutch-speaking people.

D
The minority French-speaking community of Belgium was a majority in the capital city.

E
The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful in Belgium.

Solution

French is by far the main language of Wallonia. The German-speaking Community of Belgium, in the east, accounts for about 2% of the region's population.
Question 2
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Which of the following statements about the Indian Tamils in Sri Lanka is correct?

A
Indian Tamils are concentrated in the north and east of the country.

B
Most Indian Tamils in Sri Lanka are Christians.

C
The forefathers of the Indian Tamils had gone to Sri Lanka as plantation workers.

D
The Indian Tamils are the political refugees from India.

E
13 percent of the total population of Sri Lanka constitutes Indian Tamils.

Solution

Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka are Tamil people of Indian origin in Sri Lanka. They are also known as Malayaga Tamilar, Hill Country Tamils, Up-Country Tamils or simply Indian Tamils. They are partly descended from workers sent from South India to Sri Lanka in the 19^th and 20^th centuries to work in coffee, tea and rubber plantations.
Question 3
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Which of the following is correct about majoritarianism?

A
It is based on the belief that the party with the majority of votes should govern the nation.

B
It is based on the belief that the religion with the majority of followers should be the state religion.

C
It is based on the belief that the majority community should be able to rule the country.

D
The constitution of a majoritarian state is based on the religious text of the majority religion.

E
None of the above

Solution

Majoritarianism is a belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants, by disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority.
Question 4
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Which of the following is correct about the political model of Belgium?

A
Only bilingual political party members in Belgium are eligible to take up a seat in the Central Government in Brussels.

B
No political party member of the Parliament in Belgium can follow a religion.

C
Constitution of Belgium prescribes that the number of Dutch and German-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government.

D
The State Governments in Belgium are not subordinate to the Central Government.

E
Instead of State and Central Governments, Belgium has a type of Community Government that rules the State.

Solution

The State Governments are not subordinate to the Central Government. Many powers of the Central Government have been given to State Governments. A third type of government i.e. Community Government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues which can help the Belgians to resolve ethnic conflict.
Question 5
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Which of the following is correct about the political model of Lebanon?

A
Lebanon's Prime Minister must belong to the Maronite sect of Catholic Christians.

B
Lebanon's President must belong to the Orthodox Christian sect.

C
Lebanon's Deputy Prime Minister must be from the Sunni Muslim community.

D
Lebanon's Speaker must belong to the Shi'a Muslim sect.

E
The Christians in Lebanon have agreed not to seek unification with Syria.

Solution

The Speaker of Parliament is always a Shi'a Muslim, as it is the only high post that Shi'as are eligible for. The Shiites are largely concentrated in northern and central Beqaa, Southern Lebanon, in south Beirut (southern parts of Greater Beirut).
Question 6
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Which of the following countries faces civil war due to its political model?

A
Belgium

B
Lebanon

C
Sri Lanka

D
India

E
None of the above

Solution

The origins of the Sri Lankan Civil War lie in the continuous political rancor between the majority Sinhalese and the minority Tamils. The roots of the modern conflict lie in the British colonial rule when the country was known as Ceylon. There was initially little tension among Sri Lanka's two largest ethnic groups, the Sinhalese and the Tamils, when Ponnambalam Arunachalam, a Tamil, was appointed representative of the Sinhalese as well the Tamils in the national legislative council. In 1919 major Sinhalese and Tamil political organizations united to form the Ceylon National Congress, under the leadership of Arunachalam, to press the colonial government for more constitutional reforms.
Question 7
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Which of the following share the power in horizontal power sharing?

A
General government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level

B
Different social groups based on religion or linguistic ability

C
Different political parties form the Central Government and share in the decision making process

D
Different organs of government

E
None of the above

Solution

Under the horizontal power sharing power is shared among different organs of government such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Under horizontal distribution of power, organs of the government are placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
Question 8
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Which of the following systems of governing is/are considered as system(s) of checks and balances?

a. Community government
b. Federal government
c. Coalition government

A
a and b

B
a and c

C
b and c

D
None of the above

Solution

The horizontal system of government is a system of checks and balance as the executive, legislative and judiciary have equal powers and keep an eye on each other. Thus, providing each other with checks and balances.
Question 9
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The Belgian Government amended its constitution to work out an arrangement that satisfied power sharing among the different factions. How many times did they amend their constitution in the time period between 1970 and 1993?

A
Two times

B
Three times

C
Four times

D
Five times

E
Seven times

Solution

Between 1970 and 1993, the Belgium government amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country.
Question 10
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Which of the following communities in Sri Lanka secured dominance over governance of the nation?

A
Indian Tamils

B
Sri Lankan Tamils

C
Muslims

D
Sinhalese

E
Christians

Solution

Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.
Question 11
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Which of the following statements is incorrect about power sharing?

A
It reduces the possibility of conflict.

B
It ensures political stability.

C
It involves the people in their governance.

D
It undermines the unity of the country.

Solution

Power Sharing is a policy agreed between political parties or within a coalition to share responsibility for decision-making and political action. Power sharing gives due consideration to all differing views and opinions, so the decision making process is slow and laborious. As people rule themselves through institutions of self governance, power sharing involves them. It ensures political stability as due respect is given to the different views and groups in the country. Power sharing reduces the possibility of conflict as everyone is involved in the decision making process.
Question 12
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Which of the following come(s) under the purview of the Union Government under the Indian governance system?

a. The general governance of the entire country
b. Checking the functioning of the executive
c. Governance of the state or provincial legislatures

A
a only

B
b only

C
c only

D
a and b

E
b and c

Solution

This is correct as the Union or the Central Government is involved in the general governance of the entire country by creating laws, etc.
Question 13
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In which of the following countries has/have the Constitution laid down the powers of different levels of Government?

a. Belgium
b. India
c. Sri Lanka

A
a, b and c

B
a and b

C
b and c

D
a and c

E
only b

Solution

The governments at the provincial or regional level are called by different names in different countries. In India, we call them State Governments. This system is not followed in all countries. There are many countries where there are no provincial or state governments. But in those countries like ours, where there are different levels of government, the constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government. Belgium and India both have a Constitution that has clearly laid down the powers of different levels of Government.
Question 14
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In a country, the Government is headed by a single religious group. This religion is the one followed by almost all the citizens of the country. They have different posts within the government which are filled by people belonging to different regions and many women are also a part of the government. Which of the following is/are correct about this type of government?

A
It is a democratic government as many women are also a part of the government.

B
It is a federal government structure as people from many regions are a part of the government.

C
It is a community government as the government is headed by a single community.

D
None of the above

Solution

This is correct as this Government is a majoritarian government which is headed by a group belonging to the religion followed by the majority of the people. It is not federal as there is no mention of different levels of government. It is not community government as not all communities are represented. There is no mention that this government was chosen by the process of voting from the citizens.
Question 15
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Which of the following is/are the example(s) of power sharing in a government?

a. A court order by the State High Court to the government to build infrastructure in a locality
b. Two political parties deciding to form a coalition to fight against a third party in the local assembly elections
c. A new law making one language the common language of instruction in schools all over the country

A
a, b and c

B
a and b

C
a and c

D
b and c

E
only b

Solution

These are examples of power sharing as power sharing arrangements between two parties and the system of checks and balances in the horizontal government where judiciary can keep an eye on the functioning of the executive and the legislature come under power sharing.

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Power Sharing Test - 1

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Power Sharing Test - 1

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

People in the Flemish region of Belgium speak Dutch.

People in the Wallonia region of Belgium speak German.

Brussels, the capital city of Belgium, has 20% Dutch-speaking people.

The minority French-speaking community of Belgium was a majority in the capital city.

The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful in Belgium.

Solution

Question 2

Indian Tamils are concentrated in the north and east of the country.

Most Indian Tamils in Sri Lanka are Christians.

The forefathers of the Indian Tamils had gone to Sri Lanka as plantation workers.

The Indian Tamils are the political refugees from India.

13 percent of the total population of Sri Lanka constitutes Indian Tamils.

Solution

Question 3

It is based on the belief that the party with the majority of votes should govern the nation.

It is based on the belief that the religion with the majority of followers should be the state religion.

It is based on the belief that the majority community should be able to rule the country.

The constitution of a majoritarian state is based on the religious text of the majority religion.

None of the above

Solution

Question 4

Only bilingual political party members in Belgium are eligible to take up a seat in the Central Government in Brussels.

No political party member of the Parliament in Belgium can follow a religion.

Constitution of Belgium prescribes that the number of Dutch and German-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government.

The State Governments in Belgium are not subordinate to the Central Government.

Instead of State and Central Governments, Belgium has a type of Community Government that rules the State.

Solution

Question 5

Lebanon's Prime Minister must belong to the Maronite sect of Catholic Christians.

Lebanon's President must belong to the Orthodox Christian sect.

Lebanon's Deputy Prime Minister must be from the Sunni Muslim community.

Lebanon's Speaker must belong to the Shi'a Muslim sect.

The Christians in Lebanon have agreed not to seek unification with Syria.

Solution

Question 6

Belgium

Lebanon

Sri Lanka

India

None of the above

Solution

Question 7

General government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level

Different social groups based on religion or linguistic ability

Different political parties form the Central Government and share in the decision making process

Different organs of government

None of the above

Solution

Question 8

a and b

a and c

b and c

None of the above

Solution

Question 9

Two times

Three times

Four times

Five times

Seven times

Solution

Question 10

Indian Tamils

Sri Lankan Tamils

Muslims

Sinhalese

Christians

Solution

Question 11

It reduces the possibility of conflict.

It ensures political stability.